Disruptive Technology Directions for 6G

Abstract

The global epidemic has accelerated hyperconnectivity to online employment. The theoretical limit of Shannon's Law has almost approached the limit to transmit wireless data. 5G networks improve data throughput by supplying more spectrum and increasing spectral efficiency, such as with massive MIMO systems. Together with network densification, these mechanisms enable 5G links to bring actual data speeds closer to hypothetical Shannon capacity. Corporations and industries have moved to virtual platforms to work, and individuals also go from video conversations to virtual entertainment or games. Involvement in virtual activities has risen significantly, from virtual entertainment to enormous multiplayer immersive practices. Cybernetic surgery, telemedicine, and virtual meetings are examples of technologies that are being used in novel and increasingly powerful ways. Nevertheless, new technologies and mechanisms demand a high processing power and transmission medium. As more 5G (B5G) deployments come online, the organizations are seeing an increase in need for high speed, high computational, and electric power. It is the moment to begin developing the 6G model that will fulfill the ever-changing requirements of real time hyper-connected realm. The distinctions between 5G and 6G are not just about the future bandwidths that will comprise 6G and how users will connect to the network, but also about the intelligence embedded into the network and devices. 6G will transform the working culture in the organizations, such as high-fidelity holograms on mobile devices at our disposal to communicate with colleagues and associates, like we were in the same room. 6G can be utilized to provide quicker emergency retort to larger broader coverage areas, as well as identify and advise treatment across regions. The virtual entertainment and matches can also be developed into immersive extended reality (XR) events. With a peak data rate of 1,000 gigabits per second and an air latency of less than 100 microseconds, 6G will operate on terahertz (THz) bands spanning from 100 GHz to 10 THz. In comparison to 5G, 6G will be 50 times faster, 100 times more trustworthy, and able to support ten times as many devices per square kilometer. The sixth-generation network is expected to integrate terrestrial, airborne, and marine telecommunications and infrastructure into a more dependable, faster, and consistent system to work on thousands of gadgets and machines with ultra-low latency conditions. Scientists and scholars are recommending new technologies such as “artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), quantum communication/quantum machine learning (QML), blockchain, tera-Hertz and millimetre waves communication, tactile Internet, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), small cells communication and fog/edge computing”, as significant technologies to achieve the secure, fast, and reliable 6G telecommunications and infrastructure. The 6G revolution will center on how to link and govern billions of machines in our digital future, from macro to micro to nano. 6G will be a true next-generation communications standard. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Abraham George and G. Ramana Murthy; individual chapters, the contributors.