Probabilistic Load Flow of an Islanded Microgrid with WTGS and PV Uncertainties Containing Electric Vehicle Charging Loads

Abstract

With the emphasis of utilities on decentralized power systems due to the considerable growth of renewable energy resources (RES), microgrids (MGs) as controllable small grids are need of an hour. For an objective analysis of microgrids with large grid parity of renewable energy sources, probabilistic methods are required along with the already established deterministic methods. A Gauss quadrature-based probabilistic load flow (GQPLF) method for microgrid has been proposed along with intermittent generation and uncertain loads, including electric vehicles (EVs). The distributed generation consists of wind turbine generation systems (WTGS) and photovoltaic systems (PVs) connected to 14 bus microgrid systems with six droop-controlled distributed generators. Extensive simulations have been carried out on a 14-bus microgrid with distributed generation and uncertain loads, and results are compared with the benchmark Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method, which validates the efficacy of the proposed method. The time taken by the proposed GQPLF for the 14-bus microgrid system simulation is 60.9 seconds, which is significantly less compared to the benchmark Monte Carlo simulation method, in which time taken for a 14-bus microgrid system with 10,000 simulations is 9318.7 seconds. Comparing the proposed GQPLF method with the benchmark method validates its efficacy and efficiency.