ZINC- a Micronutrient with Pleiotropic Actions

Abstract

Zinc is a micronutrient with multiple functions in the human body , including physical growth , immune competence , reproductive functions , as well as neuro- behavioural development and metabolic activities . Zinc is a component of more than 300 enzymes. It is the most important essential trace element in human nutrition. One of the leading causes of zinc deficiency is inadequate intake of dietary zinc rather than poor absorption of the mineral. Although zinc does not supply energy, this micronutrient is essential to the breakdown and absorption of other micronutrients . The present review comprehensively describes the well known functions of zinc besides highlighting the newly discovered ones. Further, the clinical implications in relation to the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of action of zinc are also emphasised.