Efficiency of Public and Private Sector Banks In India

Abstract

The Indian banking system is still dominated by the public sector banks, and the issues of performance and efficiency have emerged to be the touchstone for the success of such banks. There is a need to develop a comprehensive framework for measuring their efficiency in transforming their resources for better performance. Such performance benchmarking has become extremely relevant for their success. The current study focuses on the technical efficiency of banks in India using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to identify critical factors affecting the efficiency of banks. The inputs taken include net worth, deposits, borrowings, operating expenses, and fixed assets, while the outputs taken are investments, advances, net interest income and non-interest income. The results of the study show that public sector banks were more efficient than the private sector ones, and that there was a trend decrease in the average level of efficiency. There were also some significant differences in terms of utilization/underutilization of inputs and under-production of outputs.