Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites As Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: Properties, Fabrication and Market Applications

Abstract

Depletion of fossil fuels and increase in pollution through chemical batteries trigger the development of self-powered devices based on flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNG). Biocompatible piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites merged with piezoelectric fillers like ZnO, KNN, and BaTiO3 reproduce amended piezoelectric current, contributing to the safe application as biosensors and flexible industrial devices. Optimized loading, precise selection, and variating the surface chemistry of piezoelectric filler, along with fabrication schemes comprising different structural configurations of composites, considerably influence its potential for application as an energy harvester. Also, optimized processing condition upgrades dielectric constant and energy storage density, and reduces dielectric loss, thereby plummeting energy dissipation even after prolonged usage. Consequently, this article reviews the principles, properties, fabrication techniques, and market application of PVDF composites. A detailed relationship of significant electrical properties of PVDF composites with its fabrication methods and (piezoelectric parameters of fabricated PVDF composites with reported real-life wearable, implantable, and industrial-based portable piezoelectric devices are discussed in detail along with tabulated data for a clear understanding of structure–property relationship. Again, the market strategy for establishing flexible PVDF composite as a PNG has been discussed. A piece of in-depth knowledge is provided for procuring affordable futuristic large-scale PVDF-based nanogenerators exhibiting affordable market worth. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.